Chili pepper: it's a kind of pepper with a characteristic hot flavour. The most popular varieties are jalapeño [halapeño], piri-piri, habanero and cayenne (in the picture). The substance that is responsible for its hotness is capsaicin. The amount of this substance is measured in Scoville heat units (SHU). The "heat" of cayenne pepper is from 30,000 to 50,000 SHU, whereas the hottest pepper in the world called Carolina Reaper is measured for 1,569,300 SHU! Capsaicin, the hotness enzyme, stimulates nerve endings, warms up sore places and causes endorphins production. Chilli preserves its nutritional values even after it's dried, ground and preserved. It is believed to be an aphrodisiac. The hottest peppers are small and in warm colour. To get rid of the burning sensation in your mouth, eat some dairy (e.g. A spoonful of cream) or drink milk. Water won't help, it will only intensify the pain.